Tuesday, August 17, 2021

 

Google Classroom for Online Learning ( Design a platform for learning)

The world has entered into the era of science and technology. Every sector is greatly attached with ICT. The ICT tools and technologies are integrated in every field. As a result, they have huge influence on education.  Among those, Google classroom is one of the most favourite and effective free web service (virtual platform) developed by Google in the recent times. It was initially released in January 2015 and stably released in April 2021. It is especially designed for educational institution and to create, distribute and grade assignments. According to Iftakhar (2016), it is a tool which aims and supports teacher to create and collect  assignment in a paperless environment. It is also effective for sharing files between teachers and student.  The teacher can post some teaching materials, assign tasks for students, and upload the students’ grades so that they can immediately see the scores obtained in the course (Okmawati, 2020).  Okmawati (2020) further explains that Google Classroom enables teachers to create an online classroom area in which they can manage all the documents that their students need.. But what separates Google Classroom from the regular Google Drive experience is the teacher/student interface, which Google designed for the way teachers and students think and work.

Google Classroom is a part of online Google apps which is productively used in learning by the teachers and students in collaborative way (Sudarsana et al. 2009). It integrates other Google apps including Meet, Docs, Form, Sheet, Slides, and Gmail, Calendar and Drive in to a cohesive manner for the interaction between student and teacher. It provides a place for the students to store their files in an organized and systematic way paperlessly in a room (Iftakhar, 2016).

In the present worldwide scenario of Covid-19 pandemic where the physical class is very tough to resume, the use of technology like Google Classroom is just like mandatory. It provides a virtual platform to establish a connection between teacher and students. Google Classroom ensure the easy access that enable both the teacher and students communicate in group or privately for every task posted by the educators (Salam, 2020).

Regarding the issues of effectiveness of google classroom in relation to the physical classroom and its challenge in primary level, google classroom is a Virtual classroom and an alternative form of physical classroom. The former does massive use of technology and the latter focuses on physical activities with limited use of technology. I think as a virtual classroom, google classroom can be used to perform most of the activities performed in the physical class room such as taking class, assign, evaluate and gradation. However, it can't address the practical activities like experimental works in science lab, attending in the physical activities while teaching and learning physical education etc. Everything has its limitations and see the opportunities beyond those limitations. There may occur some problems in primary level but we can minimize them. As we can see very young children are handling the apps like YouTube for watching videos, Facebook for uploading photos and Tiktok for making short videos. From which we can say that most of them can handle if we take initiation to co-operate with them. we can also educate parents about it. If somebody still faces problem we need to think about another option.

Features:

·         Easy access (create and use both for teacher and student)

·         Integration of different Google apps (Slides, Sheets, Drive, Docs and Calendar etc.)

·         Free

·         Mobile friendly

·         Flexible ( use it in both face to face  and fully online learning environment)

·         Sharing content (including video, link and images),assign, grading.

·         Reuse of content and assignment in the future

·         Time saving

Challenges:

·         Work load (Planning, preparing and presentation of class, selection of content) for many class a day

·         Lack of  ICT proficiency ( use and handle technology for preparing materials)

·         Attitude ( for use of technology)

·          Plagiarism

Implicatios:

 

·         Educational institutions can connect the institutions, teachers and students  in the preferred times, track students activities and keep related records .

·         Teachers can use it in both physical and virtual class for delivering their lessons, assignment, assessment and grading

·         Students can involve in the learning activities, doing assignments and  re use of the materials

Creating a Google Classroom

  • Go to classroom.google.com or Google classroom app and sign in.
  • Select the Teacher role.
  • On the Classroom Home page, click the + symbol and then choose Create class.
  • Give the class a title that is meaningful to you and your students.
  • The following are optional, but may be relevant to your personal teaching situation: ...
  • Click Create.

Watch the video about creating Google class and adding members https://youtu.be/8PqmIDGc4m0

Watch this video for adding creating group, add content and assignment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6L-nZGIUTE

References:

Okmawati, M. (2020). Journal of English Language Teaching, 9(2)

Sudarsana, K.  (et al.,  2019). Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1175 (2019) 012165 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1175/1/012165

Salam, U. (2020), Jurnal Pendidikan Indonosia:  The Students’ Use of Google Classroom in Learning English,9 (4), DOI: 10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v9i4.27163

Iftakhar, S. (2016). Google classroom: what works and how. Journal of Education and Social Sciences3(1), 12-18.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Classroom#:~:text=Google%20Classroom%20is%20a%20free,files%20between%20teachers%20and%20students.

Click the Link to enter the Google Classroom: https://classroom.google.com/w/MzgwMzEwNTY2MjA4/t/all

 


Thursday, August 12, 2021

 

MOOC: Teaching & Learning Tenses in English Grammar

To develop language skills, one should have the knowledge of  grammatical aspects and components, which help for correct and purposive use of language in communication. Grammar helps the language to make structured and formal. English language has some grammatical aspects including noun, pronoun, tense, voice and reported speech and so on. This course aim to provide some basic concepts of tenses  used in language teaching/learning activities.

Day 1 Simple Present & Present Continuous Tense

https://youtu.be/nvVdIJ0las0

https://youtu.be/AKzG_ZS-Ydg

Day 2: Present Perfect & Present Perfect Continuous Tense

https://youtu.be/553eeL1Dvho

https://youtu.be/iCzJN0g5NHQ

Day 3 : Simple Past & Past Continuous Tense

https://youtu.be/MI3S3kdkofo

https://youtu.be/liX95VS4a14

Day 4: Past Perfect & Past Perfect Continuous Tense

https://youtu.be/A3HRUtZCAa4

https://youtu.be/ozacwtjy4Go

Day  5 : Simple Future & Future Continuous Tense

 https://youtu.be/n14zCZAvSj

https://youtu.be/fVtaHshNrq4

Day 6:  Future Perfect & Future Perfect Continuous Tense

https://youtu.be/_zErY5dar9Y

https://youtu.be/lBHblMZhWEM

Day 7: Revision of Day 1-6









Test your knowledge in the following link.

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1F3h15ZgfCKZ8B_9ti9ND8m3BfP30DzxlmDFh1_-UutI/edit?usp=sharing

Sources:

1.       https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liX95VS4a14

2.       https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpmmTWcjVbM

3.       https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuBYsDJDPBRVBq3aucQpW9w

4.       https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbhYLExS9jRS8gDeUeXY8pg

5.       https://www.englishgrammarpage.come

6.       https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnFRJ3mNt6nL9vMHduwCCyg

7.       https://youtu.be/lBHblMZhWEM


Tuesday, August 10, 2021

Mooc : Child marriage in Nepal : Cause and Consequences

 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetN5H1_jdwON4qd8RS-q-Z8zhrfvWu--M8J88FrYBTdHSwKw/viewform?usp=sf_link

Friday, July 30, 2021

History and Developing Trend of Educational Technology

 

History and Developing Trend of Educational Technology

The term 'educational technology' encompasses the use of technological gadgets in learning with effectively and efficiently. It includes the study and righteous practice of facilitation for generation, application and management of appropriate technological procedures and resources in learning and improving performance (Richey, 2008). Spector (2015) defined:" Educational Technology involves the disciplined application of knowledge for the purpose of improving learning, instruction and performance". It is a concept of combining technologies with the education to enhance the teaching and learning environment. The use of technology varies in accordance to their availability, context and skills.

 In ancient times, oral communication such as oratory and speech were   the chief means for the transmission of knowledge through story and folklore recitations. Homer's Iliad and Odyssey were the recitative poems in which people used to listen, recall and learn but not reading (Bates, 2015). Exploring the idea about the history of educational technologies, cave wall paintings were the earliest phase of technology used about 30,000 years ago by the tribal groups in different parts of the world. Actually, they were visual images carves in the wall of their shelter. Pythagoras academy, the foremost formal academy was formed in 510 B.C. where philosophy, mathematics and science were taught in open class. The invention of paper in China around 105 B.C was another progressive step for the expansion of knowledge as it was lighter and handy to carry from one part to another. Writing manuscript (hand written document) began in about 382 AD that made the spread of written literature and became the inspirational source for inventing printing press. According to Bible, Moses used chiseled stone to convey ten commandments as a writing form around 7th century( Bates 2015).  Gutenberg's printing press was invented in 1450 AD which became convenient tool to transform those manuscripts and written documents into printing form and publishing books around the world. Public education system was developed in Europe and America in early 17th century followed by the use of blackboard, chalk board in eighteenth century. Larger numbers of schools were opened in those times. Books were developed through 1800s and used in the classroom as a chief means of teaching and learning tool through lecture method. These materials accelerated the learning environment. Postal system began in 1840s as a reliable source of written information. Pencils were introduced in to the classroom in the beginning of 20th century which replaced the individual hand held slate board. In 1905, stereoscope was invented and used to capture the realistic image of people and surroundings.  The audio video age began around 1910 AD after the discovery of successful radio wave transmission by Marconi.BBC radio was started in 1920. As a result, radio programs were partially used in motivational way for teaching as one way communication. Universities commenced to broadcast the educational radio programs. The craze of establishing new radio stations was in rising trend. Till the end of 1922, thirty radio stations transmitters and 6,000 receivers were actively in use in Detroit and Pittsburgh in the United States (Ackerman, 1945, p.2).  BBC launched its first adult education in 1924 on 'Insects in Relation to Man' (Bates, 2015)  Film strip projector was developed around mid 1920s and were used to display silent movie and images in the classroom and they were replaced  by overhead projector that  came to in use  1930s. The usage of large scale overhead projector technologies can be marked at the time of Second World War by the US to train and mediate their soldier through films and projector. They were further used in the class room in place of film strip projector. In 1950s, learning labs were set up to teach foreign languages in the context of post World War II situation.   In 1957, Skinner's learning machine was developed and utilized to prepare lessons by the teachers based on behaviorism learning theory. The age of information started from 1960s along with the invention of television. The televisions were used to watch film and cartoon etc. VHS tape and VCR got invented by 1970. British government established the Open University in 1969 and collaborated with BBC to develop university program (Bates, 2015). In 1970, apple computer wad developed which has great impact in education for long time. According to Bates (1985) , India  began to deliver educational activities through locally generated television programs in local languages with the help of INSAT  satellite. A computer assisted instruction system called PLATO was invented in University of Illinois by 1970 with online concept of discussion forum, chat rooms, instant message, screen sharing and multiplayer games (Bates 2015).  Audio tapes as well as the Computer Based Learning (CBT) and Computer Assisted Instruction CAI) were practised through 1970s to 1990s. in the mid of 1970s, handheld held calculators were brought in to use  to solve mathematical problems. In 1980, PC with one CD room was discovered.  Graphing calculators were applied in engineering in late 1980s. First computer networking, Arpanet was developed to use internet protocol in the USA in 1982. The first power point program was launched by Microsoft Company as a presentation tool in 1987. Desktops were made available in the classroom for the students as well in 1990s. The first smart board interactive whiteboard was implemented in 1991 AD. The Digital era started during 1990s after the innovation of internet technology. It made the easy and quick access to the outer world connecting globally through faster and convenient way of information and communication. The first web browser got discovered in 1993.World Wide Web was launched in 1994 by Tim Bunerly which made easy access for collection, simulation and collaboration of information. In late 1990s, Wiki, Google and blog were developed which provide plenty of space for searching data, read and write in the web and presentation .From 2000s, the interactive age of technology commenced due to the discoveries modern technologies like smart response LE/PE, Laptop, smart phones, document camera, smart response XE, media apps, digital pen, i-pad, clickers etc .  People can use these technologies for learning& research in the global context to create diverse and networking learning environment. Educational technologies in 21st century include:

Pic. source:- https://sites.google.com/site/adms647summer12/weekly-sessions/module-1/2-week-two-week-of-september-5/history-of-educational-technology/vandusen_erik_assignment1.jpg?attredirects=0

Digital Technology: The First Choice Of Learning in Recent Time

                                 The traditional modes and practices of teaching and learning seem to be outdated as they are unable to meet the educational goals along with the invention of modern technologies. This kind of system couldn't address the necessities of the of the learner in the recent era of information and communication technology. Consequently, the medium of teaching and learning is being gradually transformed to advanced technology including digital learning.                     

                            Digital technology is a part of e-learning  with most updated technologies which include electronic tools or device, system, deices and resources which can generate , process and store the data. It includes the computer, laptops, internet, smart phones, smart board, projector, cameras, videos, web based game apps and web 2.0 technologies. Digital technology converts the text in to e-text which has made easier to adapt and transfer of information n the globalized world. This technology has played the significant role in both physical classroom and virtual class room. It is equally effective in distance and open education system. Through this technology, teacher and learner get the opportunity to view the global activities in no time. That's why traditional teaching and learning system is advancing via digitalized  technology where one can feel lively experience as a first choice of learning technology.

  The use of technology depends on the way of development, tools, context, time, purpose, culture, society etc. We are better person to understand ourselves so the selection of the technology in classroom depends on the hand of teacher  in relation to the concerning factor. However, implementing such type of modern gadgets in accordance with our context and availability, various methods of e- learning can be applied in educational system in a conscious and effective way. The decent use of technology in education gears up the learning capability, speed and implementation of knowledge in our day to day life. Different type learning apps, mobiles games and proper us of social media are now being instrumental in education.

References:

1.      Ackerman, W. C. (1945). The dimensions of American broadcasting. The Public Opinion Quarterly9(1), 1-18

2.       Bates, A. W. (1985) Broadcasting in Education: An Evaluation London: Constables

3.    Bates, A. W. (2015). Teaching in a Digital Age: Guidelines for designing teaching and learning

4.  . Richey, R. C., Silber, K. H., & Ely, D. P. (2008). Reflections on the 2008 AECT Definitions of the Field. TechTrends, 52(1), 24-25.

5.      Spector, J. M. (2015). Foundations of educational technology: Integrative approaches and interdisciplinary perspectives. Routledge

6.      http://edutech202.blogspot.com/2012/12/historical-development-of-educational.html

7.  https://youtu.be/UFwWWsz_X9s 

 


Wednesday, July 21, 2021

What is digital literacy?



                                                            Digital Literacy

Literacy refers to the general knowledge (concept) about something in surface level bit it doesn't mean only that. UNESCO defines literacy as "Beyond its conventional concept a set of reading and counting skills, literacy is now understood as a means of identification, understanding, interpretation, creation and communicating in an increasingly digital, text- mediated, information- rich and fast -changing world". It deals with conscious learning and application of knowledge.

Digital literacy indicates the competency on manipulation of digital technologies and tools which include internet, multimedia and ICT etc.  Digital literacy refers to the capability of understanding and handling information presented through computer especially via internet in different formats and various sources (Gilster, 1997). The European Framework for Digital Literacy (EFDL) further explains digital literacy as:

"Digital literacy is the awareness, attitude and ability of individuals to appropriately use digital tools and facilities to identify, access, manage, integrate, evaluate, analyse and synthesize digital resources, construct new knowledge, create media expressions, and communicate with others, in the context of specific life situations, in order to enable constructive social action; and to reflect upon this process” (Martin & Grudziecki, 2006).

Thus, digital literacy is the use of such advanced digitalized technologies and gadgets in the right place and the right way avoiding abuse. It focuses on the ability of seeking and selecting information, analysis, integration and application of the processed information to our everyday life for creative learning and communication under the digitalized system. Gilster (1997) identifies the four main competencies of digital literacy: collecting ideas or data, assessing the information content, seeking the Internet, and navigating hypertext.

Opportunities

·          Provide a platform for practical experiment and get feedback.

·          Promote the active participation/engagement of students.

·         Boost creative thinking.

·         Create a useful and competitive learning environment.

·         Make familiar with recent technology.

·         opportunity for lively experience.

 

Challenges

·         Difficulty for self controlling.

·         Content selection problem.

·         Lack of technical knowledge.

·         Lack of guidance.

·         Problem of time management.

·         Possibilities of digital division between haves or haves not.

·         Lack of reliable infrastructure.

·         Abuse of technology

 There are both opportunities and challenges of digital literacy. I think, the  opportunities should be utilized properly and the challenges can be minimize through supplying enough information handling technologies, creating awareness, providing adequate knowledge about use and misuse of technology, using these technologies in relation to their availability and upgrading the infrastructures.

references:

Duffy, J. (2008). Digital Literacy: Tools and Methodologies for Information Society. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, (55). https://doi.org/10.5062/F4TM782M

Gilster, P. (1997), Digital literacy. New York: Wiley Computer Publications

Martin, A. &  Grudziecki, J. (2006) DigEuLit: Concepts and tools for digital literacy development, innovation in teaching and learning in information and computer Sciences, 5:4, 249-267, DOI: 10.11120/ital.2006.05040249

https://en.unesco.org/themes/literacy


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